Robbery yi felony, nokuba ixabiso izinto kuwo
Umntu sinikela armed robbery akuba uqala into ukususela umntu ongomnye, usebenzisa udushe okanye intimidation, ngexesha oqhuba a ezinobungozi isixhoboEzininzi states,"armed robbery"ayikho ecacileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Endaweni yoko, defendants ahlawulelwa nge ulwaphulo-mthetho waziwa njengo"aggravated robbery"Usebenzisa ezinobungozi isixhobo imele i-aggravating ifekta, nto leyo yenza ulwaphulo-mthetho ezininzi ezinzima kunokuba elula robbery, oko akuthethi ukuba involve i-isixhobo.
I-prosecution kufuneka kuvavanya zilandelayo, yaziwa njenge"ezibini"aggravated okanye armed robbery.
Ngaphandle kokuba jury ifumanise ngaphaya a amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthandabuza ukuba ngamnye kwinto wenziwe proven, baya kufuneka acquit i-defendant. Robbery iqala xa umntu kuthatha personal ipropati (hayi real ipropati, ezifana umhlaba okanye izakhiwo) ukuba umntu ongomnye possesses, ngaphandle yomntu imvume. I-victim akukho mfuneko ngqo kunye umba ithathwe ke ngokwaneleyo ukuba wone mere ulawulo. Umzekelo, forcefully ethabatha a library incwadi evela umntu ingaba bafanele, nkqu nangona victim akuthethi ukuba eyakho incwadi. Ngokungafaniyo elula ubusela (njenge ethabatha umba kwi-store), robbery ibandakanya uthatha into ukususela umntu. Oku kuquka hayi kuphela uthatha into ukususela omnye ke kubaxhakamfula, ezifana hitting umntu ukuze sizathu kuye ukuba wawulahla umphefumlo wakhe kubaxhakamfula yakhe briefcase, kodwa uthatha into ukususela umntu ke ubuso. Izinto zikakesare ngaphakathi umntu ke ubuso ingaba uvale i-victim kwaye ngaphakathi zakhe zolawulo. Umzekelo, utshixo a clerk kwi storeroom emva forcing i-clerk ukuvula ekhuselekileyo ingaba eyiyo robbery, ngenxa yokuba ekhuselekileyo waba phantsi ulawulo lomthetho clerk. Enye indlela ukuqonda oku kukuthi ukuba imali kwi-ekhuselekileyo waba ngaphakathi clerk ke ulawulo kwi-ukuze abe ayikwazi kufumana prevented i-ethabatha kodwa kuba robber ke izoyikiso okanye udushe. Abanye states, nangona kunjalo, musa kufuna ukuba umba kuthatyathwa umntu okanye kubukho bakhe. Kwezi states, ukusetyenziswa udushe okanye **** ngokubambisana ne-ubusela uza suffice. Umthetho ufuna ukuba defendant ngqo ze urhuqe ipropati kude, nkqu ngocoselelo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, koko isebenzisa igunya lolawulo phezu umba ithathwe uza suffice.
Umzekelo, ethanda ukuthatha yekhamera, thief iindawo bakhe izandla kunjalo ukuba hangs ukususela victim ke shoulder.
Nangona uya bema phambi kokuba ayikwazi yiya ke, uninzi states, lo mthetho ingaba suffice kuba"ulawulo"umntu owenza ithathe omnye ke, ipropati kufuneka ube intended ngexesha ukuze ngokusisigxina deprive i-victim ukuba ipropati. Uthatha into nge-buchule ngokusebenzisa ngayo indlela ukuba yenza eliphezulu likelihood ukuba kuya kuba ngokusisigxina wolahleko ngu yanele. Umzekelo, ethabatha a iselula kunye injongo yokusebenzisa oko kwaye abandoning ngayo yenza substantial umngcipheko ukuba kuya zange zibuyiselwe. Ethabatha umntu ke ipropati ngu robbery ukuba nawuphi na umkhosi isetyenziselwa ukufumana oko. Pushing umntu phantsi, hitting umntu, wresting into ukususela victim ke kubaxhakamfula ingaba zonke imizekelo udushe. Kukho akukho mfuneko yokuba ube ezininzi umkhosi ukukhanya shove okanye snapping a purse strap uza kukwenza. Robbery unako kanjalo kuba accomplished yi-intimidating umntu bafakwe umntu esoyika. Kodwa kwezinye states, ukuba uloyiko kufuneka amanyathelo afanelekileyo impendulo na nokuqheleka umntu kwi-indawo victim. Ezinye states uza ubalo a victim ke unreasonable impendulo (impendulo umntu unusually susceptible ukuba****), njengoko ixesha elide njengoko kwakunjalo triggered yi-defendant ke iintshukumo. Traditionally, threat kufuneka abe omnye ezinzima injury okanye ukufa, okanye intshabalalo victim ke ekhaya kwaye threat kufuneka kuba imminent kwenzakala. Umzekelo, threatening ukwenza kwenzakala ukuba victim ke, ilungu losapho kwiinyanga ezininzi yiyo loo nto ayiyo imminent ngokwaneleyo ukuze ulungele njengokuba threat.
Njengoko wachaza ngasentla,"armed robbery"iqhele ibe igcwalisiwe njengoko i-aggravated robbery, apho ufuna ukusebenzisa deadly okanye ezinobungozi isixhobo.
Kukho abancinane ngxoxo-mpikiswano nokuba ngaba ukusebenza kakuhle firearm qualifies njengokuba deadly okanye ezinobungozi isixhobo. Kodwa ezinye iinjongo unako bafanele, njengoko ixesha elide njengoko zinjalo inherently deadly, okanye ukuba akunjalo, isetyenziswa ngendlela ukuba wenza okanye sifuna sizathu ezinzima yesitalato injury okanye ukufa. Abaninzi debates arhangqe imiba efana stationary iinjongo, canes, izilwanyana, amaqela oluntu umzimba, kwaye izithuthi.
Yokugqibela kwinto of armed robbery ibandakanya usebenzisa deadly okanye ezinobungozi isixhobo.
A defendant ngokucacileyo ingaba ngoko ke akuba ibetha i-victim okanye imililo i gun, kodwa kanjalo ingaba ngoko ke akuba exhibits okanye carries i-isixhobo kwaye usongela ukuba uyisebenzise.
Abo ahlawulelwa kunye armed robbery yiba soloko ikhona i-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo"mistaken uchazo"ukuba robbery enokuba yenzekile, kodwa defendant asikwazanga ukwenza oko. Abanye states babe kuvumela ibango yi-defendant okokuba waye ethabatha kuphela oko kwaba yakhe.
Technically, ngenxa robbery ifuna ukuthathela ipropati ngomnye nge-buchule ukuba ngokusisigxina deprive ukuba umntu kwayo (bona"Ethanda ukuba ngokusisigxina deprive i-possessor"ngasentla), ukuba defendant waba retaking oko kwaba bakhe, prosecution wayengayi kukwazi kuvavanya lento kwinto ye-offense.
Kodwa uninzi states ayisayi entertain oku nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo, kwi emidlalo ukuba ikhuthaza ezinobungozi mna-uncedo amanyathelo ukuze bonke kaninzi kukhokelela nokonzakala kwabo kwaye worse.
Uninzi states kohlwaya aggravated robbery, nto leyo ibandakanya ezinobungozi okanye deadly zesintu, kuquka firearms, iselwa harshly.
Njengawuphi na felony kwentlawulo, kubalulekile ukuba ukubonisana zolwaphulo mthetho nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo lamagqwetha njengoko kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka kule meko.
I-experienced nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo lamagqwetha uza kukwazi ukunceda uyawuqonda imirhumo ngokuchasene nani kwaye umlinganiselo ka-ubungqina i-prosecution intends ukuvelisa. Elungileyo lamagqwetha uza kukwazi realistically ukuhlola yakho chances e dismissed okanye ukuphumela imirhumo, plea bargain, okanye kusenokwenzeka ukuba zoko kufuneka sihamba yovavanyo njengoko ibe igcwalisiwe. Kuphela umntu olilungu abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye indlela abatshutshisi nabagwebi yakho courthouse indlela iimeko njenge zezenu uza kukwazi ukunika ngaba oku kubalulekile ulwazi.
