(Netherlands) v Eyinkunzi Croup LLC (Meko No
Xa-Russia lelinye lamazwe atyikitya-New York Convention, kukho perception phakathi kwezinye practitioners kwaye arbitration abasebenzisi ukuba Us ayinguwo arbitration eyobuhlobo kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixekoOku imboniso, akukho ukuthandabuza, ngenxa waqwalasela scepticism ye-Russian iinkundla kwaye lokuqhuba umkhosi ngasemva abaninzi abavela kumazwe angaphandle abatyali-mali ukwenza ushishino kwi-Russia ungena kwi izivumelwano ngokulawulwa isixhosa umthetho kunye disputes kufuneka kugqitywe nge-ngamazwe arbitration kwi ezimeleyo venue. Nangona kunjalo, ezintathu nje izigqibo phakamisa kukho wenziwe encinane, kodwa noticeable, ulwandle tshintsha kwi-indlela ye-Russian iinkundla. Oku hetalia uqwalasela abo izigqibo kwaye icebisa ukuba Us ke, waqwalasela hostility ngakulo ngamazwe arbitration, ukuze ethile kangangoko, thawing. Kuqala ingaba isigqibo ukusuka kwi- disemba ye-Federal Arbitration Inkundla kwi-Red Tshisa Eyinkunzi v ZAO Factoring Inkampani Eurocommerz (Akukho Meko. Isigqibo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko inkundla iqinisekiswa i-iyasebenza ka-eyodwa kolawulo lwesixeko lokulingana kwaye asivunywanga a formalistic-aplikeshini ye-Code of Arbitration umgaqo-Nkqubo idolo ka-recognising internationally recognised imigaqo. Red Tshisa Eyinkunzi ezenziwe sesi sibini ibango kwi-Russian iinkundla ezama ityala imali evela Eurocommerz phantsi ityala kwesi sivumelwano. Imbambano isisombululo lokulingana kwi-credit sivumelwano kufuneka ukuba disputes singeniswe LCIA arbitration. Nangona kunjalo, kanjalo ngaphandle kokuba ukuba Bomvu Tshisa objected ukuba arbitration phambi ukuqeshwa i-arbitrator, nayo ayikwazi imfuneko ukuba imbambano kuviwa ngo kwimo enkundleni, ngaphandle kokuba loo unyulo waba validly made. Inkundla ka-lokuqala isehlo wathabatha amaxesha amaninzi formalistic indlela kwi-ukuwisa umthetho. Kube kugqityiwe inkundla iingxoxo ngaphandle ngokuphathelele contractual izibonelelo ityala kwesi sivumelwano ngomhla isiseko Inqaku yokuziphatha ka-Arbitration umgaqo-Nkqubo, enikezela ukuba urhulumente Arbitration Inkundla kufuneka aphelise iingxoxo ukuba iqela imingeni yalo kolawulo lwesixeko kwi emidlalo ukuba afanelekileyo isivumelwano iqulathe i-arbitration lokulingana.
Red Tshisa ngempumelelo wacela lokuqala isehlo isihlalo kwi-appellate iinkundla kwaye Eurocommerz ke appealed kwi-Federal Arbitration Inkundla.
I-Federal Arbitration Inkundla ifumanise ukuba imbambano isisombululo lokulingana waba elisebenzayo kwaye esebenzayo ukuba Bomvu Tshisa ayikwazi abanyulwa ukuzisa yayo ibango phambi Russian iinkundla.
Oko iqaphele ukuba ityala kwesi sivumelwano ngaphandle kokuba ngakumbi amalungelo iimali iqela (oko kukuthi Red Tshisa) ngokubhekiselele i-ukukhetha foram.
Inkundla kanjalo mbasa i-abarhwebayo izikhundla zamaqela kwaye ifumanise oko kuyafuneka ukuba isivumelwano ezikhuselweyo i-izinto ezichaphazela iqela semngciphekweni (oko kukuthi, ezemali umntu). Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba inkundla hayi kuphela upheld eyodwa kolawulo lwesixeko lokulingana, kodwa kanjalo asivunywanga a formalistic kwemichiza Inqaku yokuziphatha ka-Arbitration. Enyanisweni, umgwebo ebalulekileyo inyathelo lesi-ngakulo umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho ngamazwe-mali imigangatho kwi-Russia, ingakumbi i-ukunyanzeliswa eyodwa kolawulo lwesixeko clauses (nangona kule meko recognising ukuba Bomvu Tshisa akazange abanqwenela arbitrate). Lesibini ngu-a isigqibo agasti ukususela Federal Inkundla Moscow Inkundla Yesithili (Akukho Meko. Isigqibo reaffirmed interim amanyathelo wanika yi-Inkundla Isibheno ngojulayi ukuxhasa LCIA arbitration iingxoxo initiated yi-Edimax Limited (Ecyprus) ngokuchasene Russian businessman, Shalva Chigirinsky. Interim amanyathelo esikhutshwe langaphandle iinkundla kwaye arbitral tribunals asingawo enforceable kwi-Russia ngenxa yokuba musa bahlangana impawu ka-finality kwaye izinto njengoko kwakuchaziwe yi-lokulingana Lolwazi Ileta Akukho ye-Presidium lesiqu Arbitration Inkundla, ebhalwe julayi. Ke ngoko, kuphela kuthetha ka-securing i-disputing amaqela' umdla ngexesha eqhubekayo langaphandle arbitration kukuba bafuna interim amanyathelo kwi-Russian inkundla. Ngexesha malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza ka-yokufumana interim uncedo ukuxhasa arbitration wenziwe ezikhoyo ukususela ngowama- xa omtsha Arbitration umgaqo-Nkqubo Ikhowudi waba amayelenqe, kude kube Edimax isigqibo ngayo zihleli unclear nokuba ukuba malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza eyandisiweyo ukuba arbitration ezisekelwe ngaphandle Saserashiya. Kwi-epreli ngo, Edimax yaqalisa LCIA arbitration iingxoxo ngokuchasene Umnu Chigirinsky ezama intlawulo phezu KWETHU$ ezingama-phantsi isiqinisekiso (Ruling Akukho, ebhalwe apreli). Edimax kanjalo isetyenziswe kwi-Russian Arbitration Inkundla kuba uqina injunction phezu Umnu Chigirinsky ke, real estate kwi-Moscow. Esi sicelo irhoxisiwe yi-Arbitration Inkundla kuqala isehlo, kodwa wanika kwi isibheno. Nangona kunjalo, Umnu Chigirinsky ke eks umfazi ngempumelelo wacela isigqibo Inkundla Isibheno arguing, kuqukwa, ukuba Arbitration Inkundla lacked kolawulo lwesixeko ngenxa yokuba imbambano obandakanyekayo oyedwa. Inkundla ka-Cassation kuvunyelwene ngazo, kwaye kugqityiwe yeenkqubo. Edimax ke appealed Inkundla ka-Cassation ke isigwebo ukuba Supreme Arbitration Inkundla. Ukuba isibheno waba ngempumelelo kwaye Supreme Arbitration Inkundla ilungisiwe kunjalo kuba reconsidered yi-Cassation Inkundla, apho ke upheld i-uqina injunction. Nangona engundoqo yokhuselo iimpikiswano enxulumene nokungabikho kolawulo lwesixeko kwaye imithetho ipropati ubunini zilandelayo wokuqhawula umtshato, ebalulekileyo elokugqibela waba ukuba Supreme Arbitration Inkundla iqinisekiswa kuyenzeka ukuba bafuna interim uncedo kwi-Russian Arbitration Iinkundla ukuxhasa langaphandle arbitral iingxoxo. I-Supreme Arbitration Inkundla kanjalo iqaphele ukuba interim amanyathelo ukuxhasa arbitration kufuneka kunikelwa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-jikelele imithetho elawula interim amanyathelo. Ekugqibeleni, kukho isigqibo agasti ukususela Inkundla Cassation ye-Moscow Federal Yesithili kwi-Erick van Egeraat Enxulumene Architects B.
Kule meko, inkundla igcine ukuba kunjalo ukuba umntu otyunjwe arbitrator ewathethile kwinkomfa oqingqiweyo kwaye ibonelele ngumthetho ifemi ye-opposite iqela ke ingcebiso akazange, ngamnye se, esi sicwangciso ukungakhethi cala ye-arbitrator.
Russian umthetho umisela ukuba i-arbitrator kufuneka disclose na iimeko apho nokunika banyukele justifiable doubts njengoko yakhe yakhe ukungakhethi cala okanye ukuzimela.
Ukuba uncertainty ngenxa kwisigqibo kwi-OAO NK Rosneft v
Ngokusekelwe enjalo yaziswe, iqela le arbitration babe umngeni i-arbitrator.
I-arbitrator ke ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela enjalo ulwazi ngexesha lakhe yakhe ukuqeshwa unakho ngokunjalo ukukhonza njengoko emidlalo kuba appealing i-arbitral kweelwimi. Phambi isigqibo kwi-Erick van Egeraat, kukho bebe uncertainty kwi-Russia njengoko kanye uvavanyo ka-ukungakhethi cala kuba arbitrators.
Yukos Eyinkunzi S.
A-), apho Rosneft isetyenziswe ukuba bucala zine - Mbasa ukuba bebe esikhutshwe Ngamazwe Inkundla Abarhwebayo Arbitration ye-Moscow Kwegumbi of Commerce. Kwi-Rosneft, Yukos Ikomkhulu ke umntu otyunjwe arbitrator ewathethile kwinkomfa oqingqiweyo kwaye ibonelele ngumthetho ifemi nto Yukos Eyinkunzi.
Kwi-igqiba ukuba bucala le Mbasa, Supreme Arbitration Inkundla commented ukuba arbitrators kufuneka disclose zabo unxulumano zomthetho ingcebiso ngexesha labo idinga.
Nangona kunjalo, inkundla akazange explicitly umthetho nokuba intatho-nxaxheba iinkomfa babe esi sicwangciso partiality ye-arbitrators, oko kukhokelele considerable nkxalabo kwi-Russian arbitration izangqa malunga Russian iinkundla attitudes ukuba arbitrators abo ivele ngexesha nenkululeko iziganeko oqingqiweyo kunye okanye ngokuthi ibonelele eyalela ingcebiso.
Kwi-Erick van Egeraat, inkundla asivunywanga Eyinkunzi Iqela ke ibango ukuba arbitrator akazange impartial.
Inkundla esekwe yayo ruling kwi ezimbini ethile, iimpikiswano: (i)umthetho ifemi kuphela acted njengokuba ebizwa-"ulwazi sponsor"(ekukhuthazeni inkomfa phakathi yayo abaxhasi kwaye partners). Waba akukho impembelelo kwi-noba inkqubo lenkomfa okanye kwi-speakers' uluhlu. (ii)ukuthatha inxaxheba i-arbitrator kuyo inkomfa akazange yenza nawuphi na dependence okanye abarhwebayo inzala kunye nomthetho ifemi.
Nangona kunjalo, inkundla iphinde kuchazwe ukuba i-arbitrator ke inxaxheba koluntu nenkululeko iziganeko kufuneka yaziswe ukuba omnye umntu, kungenjalo lento emhlabeni kuba sicwangciso bucala mbasa.
Isigqibo kuzisa abanye clarity ukuba lo mba ngumngeni arbitrators' ukungakhethi cala kwi-Russian iinkundla. Ingakumbi, oko kubonisa ukuba ukungakhethi cala uvavanyo lusekelwe ukuseka nokuba na ndibano yenza dependence okanye abarhwebayo inzala phakathi komthetho ifemi kwaye arbitrator. Ukulandela Erick van Egeraat isigqibo, ngomhla we- agasti, isirussian Kwegumbi of Commerce noshishino ikuvumile Imigaqo kwi ukungakhethi cala kwaye Ukuzimela ka-Arbitrators - lixesha lokuqala loo migaqo zithe yamkelwa kwi-Us.
Imithetho non-bophelela, kodwa lithathele ingqalelo iba uqhagamshelwano Izikhokelo kwi Kongquzulwano Enomdla kwaye imithetho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe arbitral centres.
Sithathwe kunye, Erick van Egeraat isigqibo kwaye Imigaqo kufuneka yenziwe a sophisticated set of guidelines ilawule arbitrators' ukungakhethi cala kwi-Russia - umbuzo ngoku yindlela esi sikhokelo siya kusetyenziswa kuzo kubhalwayo. Ezi ezintathu izigqibo ingaba zonke kwiindawo zonke okwenzeke kulo inkxaso ye-izinto ezichaphazela amaqela arbitrating kwi-Russia okanye ukujonga Russian iinkundla ukuncedisa kunye ngamazwe arbitration. Kunjalo, kusekho elide indlela kuhamba phambi Us uza luthathwe a pro-arbitration kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko.
Enyanisweni, abaninzi amaqela? ingxelo iingxaki enforcing arbitral mbasa kwi-Russia, ingakumbi ngokuchasene ombuso.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba Moscow ngu ndihamba ukufikelela kwiinjongo zayo ambitious injongo ngokuba eyona nto-mali centre, ngoko a sophisticated kwaye ngaphaya set of arbitration imithetho kuya kuba yimfuneko kwi kunye nayo nayiphi na kuluntu ngokubanzi-matyala komhlaba - ezi zigqibo abe ezintathu ezincinane amanyathelo phantsi enjalo ezindleleni.
Ukuba uqinisekise ukuba musa unobuhle ngaphandle ngomhla rhoqo uhlaziyo ukususela Kluwer Arbitration Hetalia, nceda zibophelele apha.
Olukhulu uhlalutyo. Russian arbitration umthetho ngu iselwa ehlaziyekileyo, ngokukodwa kunye omtsha amendements nokuza phezulu nearest elizayo kumgca kuya phezulu kunye UNCITRAL Imodeli Umthetho. Yiyo loo nto, kuya zonke ebila phantsi iinkundla' attitude ngakulo arbitration nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo ekuphuculeni. Terrific umsebenzi! Lo uhlobo ulwazi ukuba bamele ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba abe usharedi kuwo kwi-intanethi. Zeentloni kwi-Google kuba ayisasebenzi positioning oku ukupapasha kakhulu! Kuza ngomhla phezu kwaye uxoxe kunye wam web site.
